Perform with Dr. Andy Galpin

• Dr. Allison Brager: Improve Sleep Efficiency & Resilience

  In this episode, my guest is Dr. Allison Brager, Ph.D., an active-duty Army neuroscientist whose research focuses on physiological resilience in extreme stress environments such as Antarctica and outer space. We discuss how sleep is impacted in these harsh conditions and the broader concept of sleep resilience, which is crucial for athletes, military personnel, and anyone with demanding personal or professional situations. We explain the effects of circadian rhythm (chronotype) misalignment on performance and how different chronotypes align with certain careers and sports. We also outline the key differences in sleep between men and women, including sleep onset, daytime sleepiness, and duration, along with the biological mechanisms that drive sleepiness. Finally, we discuss practical strategies for recovering from poor sleep and improving sleep through behaviors, light exposure, and nutrition. Regardless of your career or lifestyle, this episode provides valuable insights for optimizing your sleep to enhance performance and overall well-being. Read the episode show notes at performpodcast.com. Thank you to our sponsors AG1: https://drinkag1.com/perform Eight Sleep: https://eightsleep.com/perform LMNT: https://drinklmnt.com/perform Parker University: https://parkerseminars.com Momentous: https://livemomentous.com/perform Timestamps 00:00:00 Allison Brager 00:01:37 East vs West Coast, Sports Teams, Sleep, Injury 00:04:46 Performance & Circadian Clock, Genetics, Chronotypes; Kids & Habits 00:10:50 Sponsors: AG1 & Eight Sleep 00:13:38 Chronotype, Genetics, Military, Academia 00:18:01 Importance of Animal Models, Chromosomal Sex & Hormones; Sleep 00:24:22 Sleep Differences & Men vs Women, Sleep Pressure, Onset 00:30:32 Sex Differences, Sleep Duration; Naps 00:33:45 Tool: Nap Duration; “Nappuccino”, Chronic Insufficient Sleep 00:38:42 Multiphasic Sleep, Chronotype, Shift Work & Health Risks 00:42:44 Sponsors: LMNT & Parker University 00:45:29 Night Shift, Performance, Per Genes, Genetic Testing, Chronotypes 00:51:25 Antarctica, Sleep, Seasonality, Sleep Resilience & Limits 00:58:50 Poor Sleep, Sleep Banking, Weekends 01:01:42 Sleep in Extreme Environments, Outer Space 01:08:04 Mars Mission Preparation, Gene Editing & Studying Sleep 01:11:50 Short Sleepers, Sleep Pressure & Adenosine, Efficiency 01:16:39 Hypersomnia & Poor Health, Depression; Traumatic Brain Injury & Sleep 01:21:30 Sponsor: Momentous 01:23:08 Increasing Sleep Efficiency Case Study, Morning & Daytime Behaviors 01:30:23 Sleep Efficiency, Nighttime Behaviors, Foods, Melatonin? 01:34:59 Cold Plunge, Mouth Taping, Nasal Dilators 01:37:02 Jet Lag, Supplements, Melatonin 01:41:37 Sleep Extension, Tool: Intervals; Sleep Banking, Sleep In or Bed Earlier? 01:49:18 Youngstown, Ohio & Sports 01:55:24 Zero-Cost Support, YouTube, Spotify & Apple Subscribe & Reviews, Sponsors, YouTube Feedback, Social Media, Perform Newsletter Disclaimer & Disclosures

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• Strength Training for Kids & Building Lifelong Movement Skills

  In this episode, I discuss the importance of exercise, specifically strength training, for kids. With growing concerns over childhood obesity, limited opportunities for physical activity in school, decreased outdoor playtime, and reduced sports participation, the lack of physical activity in children poses serious long-term risks to their physical and mental health. I address common myths and misconceptions about resistance training for kids and highlight the many cognitive, physical, and mental health benefits of regular physical activity. I also explain the three I’s—investigate, interpret, and intervene—for assessing and improving a child’s movement abilities, emphasizing the importance of fun, play-based experiences to develop a diverse range of movement skills. Additionally, I discuss the risks of early sports specialization, guidelines for safe weightlifting for kids, injury risks, and strategies to encourage physical activity. Whether or not a child aspires to be an athlete, this episode offers practical tips to foster long-term athletic development and ensure kids grow up strong, healthy, and active. Read the full episode show notes at performpodcast.com. Thank you to our sponsors AG1: https://drinkag1.com/perform Eight Sleep: https://eightsleep.com/perform LMNT: https://drinklmnt.com/perform Momentous: https://livemomentous.com/perform Timestamps 00:00:00 Kids & Strength Training 00:03:26 Sponsors: Eight Sleep & LMNT 00:06:10 Misconceptions, History, Kids & Resistance Training 00:10:15 “Zombie” Myths about Kids & Exercise 00:13:58 Kid-Centric Exercise & Movement Literacy; Strength & Coordination 00:18:47 Movement vs Language Development Analogy 00:22:52 Chronic Health Crisis in Kids, Sports, Downstream Adult Issues 00:30:33 Physical, Cognitive & Mental Health Benefits of Strength Training for Kids 00:36:53 Sponsor: AG1 00:38:18 Investigate: YFIT Test, FitBack Test 00:42:41 Interpret: Baseline Test, Injury, Growth & Development, Specialization Ready? 00:49:02 Intervene: Positive Experiences, Open Play, Schools & PE, Sports Variety 00:53:13 Kid-Centric Programs, Long-Term Athletic Development (LTAD), American Development Model 01:00:40 Sponsor: Momentous 01:02:21 LTAD Program Example, Strength Training 01:09:08 Youth Movement Skills & Concepts, Games, Diversity, Range of Motion 01:12:28 Basic Movement Skill Development Targets 01:17:25 Example Program for 7-Year Old, Basic Movement Skill Development 01:22:16 Plyometrics & Kids 01:23:26 10 Rules of Lifting Weights for Kids 01:29:22 Guidelines for Youth Athletes, Injury, Play, Sport Diversity & Breaks, Specialization 01:33:18 Early Specialization & Problems 01:36:35 Encouraging Physical Activity in Kids 01:41:47 Additional Resources, Books, Courses & Organizations 01:44:49 Summary & Key Takeaways 01:48:35 Zero-Cost Support, YouTube, Spotify & Apple Subscribe & Reviews, Sponsors, YouTube Feedback, Social Media, Perform Newsletter Disclaimer & Disclosures

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  1:49:59
• Dr. Herman Pontzer: How We Really Burn Calories & Lose Weight

  My guest is Dr. Herman Pontzer, Ph.D., a professor of evolutionary anthropology and global health at Duke University, known for his research on human bioenergetics, particularly energy expenditure and the exercise paradox. We discuss his work comparing highly active hunter-gatherer groups to more sedentary cultures, exploring their total energy expenditure and the surprising similarities. We examine the impact of factors such as age, sex, exercise, and pregnancy on daily energy expenditure. We also break down whether diet or exercise plays a greater role in weight management and weight loss. Additionally, we explore how genetics and the environment interact to shape human physiology, highlighting how population-level findings often overlook individual variation and emphasizing the need for medical and diagnostic practices to account for this diversity. Read the full episode show notes at performpodcast.com. Thank you to our sponsors AG1: https://drinkag1.com/perform David Protein: https://davidprotein.com/perform LMNT: https://drinklmnt.com/perform Renaissance Periodization: https://rpstrength.com/perform Eight Sleep: https://www.eightsleep.com/perform Timestamps 00:00:00 Dr. Herman Pontzer 00:01:18 Energy Expenditure & Metabolism 00:03:59 Hunter-Gatherers, Energy Expenditure vs Sedentary Cultures 00:07:19 What is Energy Expenditure?; Maintaining Energy Budget 00:13:42 Sponsors: David Protein & LMNT 00:16:23 Weight Gain; Calories In, Calories Out 00:22:18 Exercise & Calories Burned, Energy Expenditure Changes? 00:29:56 Movement Efficiency, Exercise & Metabolism Research 00:37:55 Metabolic Recalibration & Exercise Threshold 00:43:33 Hunter-Gatherer Groups, Energy Expenditure, Fertility 00:47:23 Sponsors: AG1 & Renaissance Periodization 00:49:53 Pregnancy & Energy; Overtraining, Relative Energy Deficiency Syndrome (REDs) 00:57:37 Metabolism “Slowing Down”, Age or Sex Differences? 01:04:22 Metabolism & Age, Puberty, Older Adults 01:11:51 Body Composition, Individual Food Intake 01:16:49 Sponsor: Eight Sleep 01:18:12 Anthropology, Natural Fallacy, Diversity & Adaptations, Physical Activity 01:27:59 Population, Individual Variation, Diversity, Race 01:34:33 Kidney, eGFR Calculation; Clinical Equations & Race 01:40:51 Genetics, Diversity, Populations; Genetic Testing 01:49:29 One-to-One Gene Fallacy, Height, Environment, Diversity 01:51:20 Height & Weight, Genetics & Environment Interplay 01:56:31 Science Literacy & Research; Diabetes, Heart Disease & Race 02:02:33 Diversity, Physiology & Medicine, EMT 02:07:08 Upcoming Projects, Metabolic Ceilings 02:09:39 Metabolism, Diet & Exercise, Individual Approach 02:14:57 Crash Metabolism?, Herman’s Links 02:17:30 Zero-Cost Support, YouTube, Spotify & Apple Subscribe & Reviews, Sponsors, YouTube Feedback, Social Media, Perform Newsletter Disclaimer & Disclosures

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  2:19:03
• Jordan Sullivan: Fueling for Sports Performance & Body Composition

  In this episode, my guest is Jordan Sullivan, APD, a registered sports dietitian and the founder of The Fight Dietitian (TFD), whose clients include UFC world champions, Olympians, and ultra-endurance athletes. We discuss performance nutrition, focusing on how to strategically use diet and nutrition to optimize an athlete’s physical performance, recovery, and overall health while aligning with their training intensity and volume. We take a holistic view of nutrition, considering individualized goals, lifestyle factors, training schedules, and meal frequency. We also cover core nutrition principles for non-elite athletes, including calorie estimates, macronutrient thresholds, and how to estimate calorie deficits for sustainable weight loss. Additionally, we explore different fuel sources used during exercise and how they shape an effective nutrition strategy for training and competition. Finally, we discuss pre-competition nutrition for endurance athletes, hydration, electrolytes, and extreme weight cutting. Read the full episode show notes at performpodcast.com. Thank you to our sponsors AG1: https://drinkag1.com/perform Momentous: https://livemomentous.com/perform LMNT: https://drinklmnt.com/perform Parker University: https://parkerseminars.com Eight Sleep: https://eightsleep.com/perform Timestamps 00:00:00 Jordan Sullivan 00:01:31 Pre-Competition Nutrition, Hyrox, UFC 00:07:55 Sponsors: Momentous & LMNT 00:10:54 Performance Nutrition & Goals 00:15:14 Performance Nutrition vs Periodized Nutrition; Schedule Adaptation 00:20:36 UFC Fighters, Compliance & Performance 00:26:06 Nutrition Adherence, Lifestyle Integration, Tool: 90/10 Goal 00:30:34 Non-Elite Athletes & Core Principles, Tools: Macronutrient Thresholds, Fiber 00:37:32 Food Quality, Tool: Whole Foods, Supplements 00:40:54 Sponsors: Parker University & Eight Sleep 00:43:46 Resting Metabolic Rate, Tool: Daily Calorie Estimates; Fat Loss & Calorie Deficit 00:51:44 Weight Loss, Sustainable Goals 00:57:47 Calorie Deficit, Performance & Injury; Blood Work 01:01:54 Modifying Plans, Tracking Food; Meal Frequency, Fasting? 01:07:58 Sponsor: AG1 01:09:22 Exercise, Fat vs. Carbohydrates, Crossover Point & Fatigue, VO2 Max 01:18:13 Food Choices, Carbohydrates, Pre-Competition Nutrition 01:22:14 Sparing Glycogen, Pre-Competition Carbs, Glucose vs Fructose, Car Analogy 01:29:54 Nedd Brockmann, Ultra-Endurance Athlete, Fueling & Training the Gut 01:43:25 Competition vs Training Nutrition 01:48:05 Daily Nutrition & Intense Training, Clustering Nutrition 01:51:49 Race Preparation Nutrition, Endurance Athlete; Water Weight, Hydration 02:01:04 Ultra-Endurance Athlete, Hydration & Sweat Rate; Sodium 02:09:28 Ultra-Endurance Event & Nutrition Plan 02:14:32 Macronutrients & Ultra-Endurance Event, Protein & Muscle Loss 02:18:26 Performance Nutrition, Fat vs Carbohydrates, ATP, Fatigue 02:28:50 Weight Cutting, Fat Loss vs Acute Water Loss, Fiber 02:39:18 Weight Cutting, Fluid Load, Sodium 02:42:33 Water Cut; Sauna, Sweating It Out, Dehydration & Caution, Heat Stroke 02:47:50 Body Temperature, Heat Acclimatization; Weight Cuts 02:50:39 Calorie Deficit, Training, Tools: Daily Nutrition, Protein, Individualization 02:56:41 Zero-Cost Support, YouTube, Spotify & Apple Subscribe & Reviews, Sponsors, YouTube Feedback, Social Media, Perform Newsletter Disclaimer & Disclosures

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  2:58:21
• Enhancing Bone Health at Every Age

  Bone health is often dismissed as something only “old people” or postmenopausal women should worry about, but evidence clearly indicates that poor bone health is extremely common—even among young, healthy people, including men. It is also highly preventable and reversible through various lifestyle and other modifiable factors. In this episode, I explain what bone health actually means; bone loss conditions like osteoporosis and osteopenia; how the bone remodeling process works; why poor bone health is increasing at a surprising rate; and, most importantly, exactly what to do to prevent or reverse bone loss. I discuss the three I’s—investigate, interpret, and intervene—to help assess your bone health. I explain how high-intensity impact training, nutrition, and certain supplements can improve bone health. Finally, I explore emerging treatments, such as stem cells, peptides, and light therapy, and their potential for improving bone healing. Read the full episode show notes at performpodcast.com. Thank you to our sponsors AG1: https://drinkag1.com/perform LMNT: https://drinklmnt.com/perform David: https://davidprotein.com/perform Momentous: https://livemomentous.com/perform Renaissance Periodization: https://rpstrength.com/perform Timestamps 00:00:00 Bone Health 00:02:43 Sponsors: LMNT & David Protein 00:05:24 Osteoporosis, Osteopenia, Poor Bone Health 00:08:00 Bone & Mineral Health, Calcium Storage, Tool: Calcium Status & Blood Test 00:12:26 Magnesium, Phosphorus, Vitamin D; Bone Mineral Density (BMD) 00:15:05 Bone Remodeling, Wolff’s Law, Osteoclasts & Osteoblasts 00:21:05 Lifestyle Factors & Bone Metabolism 00:23:23 Kids & Bone Mineral Density Peak, Age-Related Loss, Menopause, Girls & Movement 00:29:52 Sponsor: AG1 00:31:33 Non-Modifiable Variables: Genetics, Menopause, Age? 00:34:47 “The Big 7” Modifiable Variables: Environmental Toxins, Diseases, Medication, Sedentary Behavior, Malnutrition 00:40:31 Chronic Stress & Cortisol; Poor Sleep & Clock Genes 00:47:23 Investigate: FRAX Tool, DEXA Scan, QCT 00:54:02 Interpret: DEXA Scan, T-Score, Z-Score 01:01:39 Sponsors: Momentous & Renaissance Periodization 01:04:11 Evidence vs Action Continuum; Medications, Bisphosphonates 01:07:33 Intervene: Physical Activity, Resistance Training, Tool: Sports & Kids/Teens 01:12:50 Adults & Exercise, Progression, Load Changes 01:17:45 LIFTMOR Trial, High Intensity Impact Training & Bone Mineral Density 01:22:23 Tool: Bone Health Exercise Guidelines 01:25:48 Calcium Supplements?, Dietary Protein, Fish Oil, Collagen 01:31:44 Biologicals, Bone Healing, Stem Cells; Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP), Peptides (BMP vs. BFP) 01:40:14 Physical Heat & Bone Healing; Heat & Gut Microbiota 01:46:04 Low Intensity Laser Therapy (LILT), Red Light Therapy; Electricity & Bone Healing 01:51:32 Zero-Cost Support, YouTube, Spotify & Apple Subscribe & Reviews, Sponsors, YouTube Feedback, Social Media, Perform Newsletter Disclaimer & Disclosures

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  1:52:56

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