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Continuing the exploration of Vitruvius's Venustas, Firmitas, Utilitas, host Naziaty turns to Utilitas — usually translated as function or commodity — and asks what it really means in the 21st century. Drawing on a RIBA article, Accessible Architecture: How Today's Inclusive Spaces Can Help Solve 200 Years of Accessible Design Challenges, we trace the long, uneven history of disability in the built environment, from Victorian asylums and Gordon Cullen's 1931 awareness work, to Evans and Shalev's 1973 home for the physically disabled at 48 Boundary Road, to the pioneering Grove Road housing scheme by Wyvern Design Group, where disabled and non-disabled residents lived in fully integrated flats.
We then pull the conversation into the present. The social model of disability has shifted the question from "what's wrong with the person" to "what's wrong with the environment," and the mantra nothing about us without us has reshaped how progressive architects work — bringing disabled users into the design process from day one. The Manchester's Hotel Brooklyn (Stevenson Studio with Squid and Motion Spot) is an example of how accessibility can be elegant rather than clinical, and looking back at an audit of an office building where the simplest oversight — access card readers mounted too high — was quietly disabling staff every day.
The episode closes with an economic lens borrowed from Amartya Sen's capability approach: the gap between commodity(the thing you own) and functionality (what it actually lets you do). A standard bicycle, a standard doorway, a standard office card reader — none of these convert into equal functionality for everyone, and disabled people pay a steep "tax" of modifications, specialised tech, and extra effort just to reach the baseline others take for granted. Functionality, cannot be separated from comfort and dignity. To honour Utilitas in this century is to design for equity, not just access — and which is a conversation worth a deeper episode of its own.
© 2026 Talk Architecture, Author: Naziaty Mohd Yaacob. Image: Vitruvius Man taken from internet.
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In this follow-up to the introduction on How Architecture Students Study Business in School, host Naziaty digs into the three skills the original Threads question raised: running a firm, pricing a project, and negotiating a contract, where each one can be quietly built into the five years of architecture school — leadership and team dynamics through first-year group furniture builds and peer reviews, costing through site visits, bills of quantities, and a thesis cost-benefit exercise with an economics lecturer, and contract negotiation through role-play workshops that fold in sales, marketing, and the psychology of convincing a client.
From there we argue that architecture practice and entrepreneurship are far more alike than the profession likes to admit. Both turn abstract ideas into tangible reality, both demand vision balanced with risk and resource management, and both rely on iterative problem-solving. Architects already do business development, interdisciplinary leadership, and team management — which makes the case for treating the architect as an entrepreneur even more urgent in the age of AI. The closing point: architecture education shouldn't choose between the traditional architect and the architectural entrepreneur. It should prepare students to be both. (A follow-up on the "design problem" itself is coming in the next episode to explain more.)
© 2026 Talk Architecture, Author: Naziaty Mohd Yaacob.
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In this episode of Talk Architecture, host Naziaty tackles a question that's been making the rounds on Threads: should architecture schools teach business and financial literacy? After six years of study, many graduates step out into practice with no real sense of how to run a firm, price a project, or negotiate a contract — and the conversation online has struck a nerve. Naziaty pushes back on the idea that business education is only about money, arguing that it sits much closer to design than most people realise.
Drawing on her experience as a former lecturer and a design thesis student at North London Poly in the early 1990s, she walks through how marketing, sales, project management, and cost-benefit analysis can be woven into studio projects rather than bolted on as separate electives. From first-year product design briefs to high-rise pitches, from the Bauhaus tradition of the architect-craftsman to today's graduates working as filmmakers, product designers, and developers, this episode reframes business literacy as a natural extension of the architectural mindset — and an overdue conversation for the curriculum.
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© 2026 Talk Architecture, Author: Naziaty Mohd Yaacob.
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The Timeless Principles of "Venustas, Firmitas, and Utilitas" (Vitruvius, 1st century BC) is one way to analyse any product, may it be craft or architecture, in terms of the quality and how good that design is.
In the history of architectural theory, few ideas have proven as enduring as the Roman principles articulated by Vitruvius: Venustas (beauty or delight), Firmitas (firmness or structural strength), and Utilitas (utility or function, sometimes called commodity). These concepts, rooted in antiquity, continue to shape Western architecture and civilization. 
Far from being confined to grand buildings, they serve as universal standards for evaluating any human-made object or system in our modern world. These principles reveal themselves in the most ordinary settings. For all products and crafts and architecture.
An introduction episode starts the ball rolling for a series on this topic.
© 2026 Talk Architecture, Author: Naziaty Mohd Yaacob. Image: Vitruvius Man taken from internet.
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Welcome back to the Talk Architecture Podcast. I’m your host, Naziaty. After a difficult hiatus since our last episode on March 28—marked by a bout of illness and the heartbreaking loss of my mother last month—I’m slowly returning to the mic with renewed purpose. Though my voice may sound a little rough today, I’m excited to share that the show is very much alive and moving forward with fresh interviews featuring international voices, including a longtime collaborator from India, a disabled architect from India, a guest from Canada, and the return of our favorite guest, Kevin Mark Low. 
We’ll continue exploring architecture and disability, architecture education, the balance education model, design practice, Christopher Alexander’s theories, and critical conversations on the state of the profession—both in Malaysia and globally. Thank you for staying with me through this interlude. The dialogue continues, and I deeply appreciate your support as we push for better architecture, better education, and meaningful introspection. Stay tuned.
© 2026 Talk Architecture, Author: Naziaty Mohd Yaacob. 
Support the show
Do subscribe for premium content and special features which will help to support and sustain Talk Architecture podcast on a more in-depth explanation on design thesis and processes. These special commentaries and ‘how to’ explanations are valuable insights and knowledge not found elsewhere!