Ancient to Recent

In this episode of Ancient to Recent, we follow Iran through the decisive year of 1979, the moment when a crisis becomes a collapse, and a monarchy that once looked unshakeable disintegrates in a matter of weeks.

As protests intensify and strikes paralyze the economy, the Iranian state begins to lose control of the streets. Police forces buckle, government authority evaporates, and law and order gives way to uncertainty, fear, and momentum. What begins as unrest becomes something far more dangerous: a revolution no longer contained by the institutions meant to stop it.

At the same time, Washington is divided. Inside the Carter administration, officials argue over what the United States should do, whether to push reforms, back the Shah to the end, or prepare for a post-monarchy Iran. Some cling to the belief that the army can restore stability. Others warn that the regime is already beyond saving. As these divisions deepen, American policy becomes reactive, uncertain, and fatally slow.

Meanwhile, the Shah’s last pillar of power, the Iranian military,  begins to fracture. Orders are ignored, morale collapses, and commanders hesitate at the moment of decision. When the army ultimately withdraws from political conflict, the monarchy loses its final instrument of control,  and the revolution surges forward unchecked

Into this vacuum steps Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini. Returning from exile as the symbol of resistance, he rapidly outmaneuvers rivals, overwhelms moderate voices, and transforms revolutionary energy into political power. In the chaos of state collapse, Khomeini doesn’t just return to Iran, he seizes the future of it.

Join Joseph Parkinson as Ancient to Recent continues its series on the Iranian Revolution, and traces how 1979 became the year Iran’s old order vanished, and a new one rose from the ruins.

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In this episode of Ancient to Recent, we follow Iran at the height of its apparent power in the mid-1970s, a country awash in oil money, armed to the teeth, and ruled by a monarch who believed history itself was on his side. Mohammad Reza Pahlavi’s Iran looked unstoppable: soaring growth rates, grand infrastructure projects, and an alliance with the United States that seemed unshakeable.

But beneath the spectacle of modernity, the foundations were already cracking. Rapid development brought inflation, corruption, housing shortages, and social dislocation. The Shah’s centralized system rewarded loyalty over competence, silenced dissent, and left him increasingly isolated inside a bubble of good news and bad assumptions.

This episode traces how oil wealth overheated the economy, how repression deepened mistrust, and how American policy, shaped by Cold War blind spots and wishful thinking, ailed to grasp the scale of Iran’s internal crisis. We explore the rise of mass protests, the regime’s oscillation between reform and force, and the fatal miscalculations that followed the Cinema Rex fire, Black Friday, and the collapse of state authority.

As strikes spread, the economy grinds to a halt, and the Shah vacillates at the moment of decision, a once-confident regime drifts into paralysis. Meanwhile, from exile, Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini emerges as the only figure capable of uniting a fractured opposition, setting Iran on a path from unrest to revolution.

Join Joseph Parkinson as Ancient to Recent continues its series on the Iranian Revolution, charting how a state that appeared strong, stable, and modern unraveled with astonishing speed.

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In this episode of Ancient to Recent, we step into the glittering world of 1960s and 70s Tehran, where nightclubs, foreign visitors, and booming oil revenues gave the impression of a nation racing confidently into the modern age. At the center stood Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, the Shah of Iran, a monarch determined to reshape his country through rapid modernization and centralized power.
Beneath the neon lights, however, another Iran was emerging. While oil wealth transformed Tehran and empowered a new elite, millions were left behind in the countryside and swelling urban slums. Political repression, corruption, inequality, and cultural upheaval quietly eroded the regime’s foundations.
This episode traces the Shah’s rise after the 1953 coup against Mohammad Mosaddegh, the consolidation of autocratic rule under Savak, and the ambitious reforms of the White Revolution. We explore how policies designed to modernize and stabilize Iran instead deepened social divisions and fueled opposition from both the secular left and the religious right.
As American influence grows, oil revenues surge, and the Shah’s confidence reaches its peak, a powerful voice of resistance emerges in exile: Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini. What appeared to be a strong and stable state was, in reality, far more fragile than it seemed.
Join Joseph Parkinson as Ancient to Recent begins a new series on the Iranian Revolution, uncovering how the Shah’s Iran moved from apparent triumph to the brink of collapse.
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#IranianRevolution #ShahOfIran #MohammadRezaPahlavi #MiddleEastHistory #WorldHistory #HistoryPodcast #AncientToRecent

In this history podcast episode of Ancient to Recent, we follow Genghis Khan as his newly united Mongol nation collides with the great settled empires to the south, beginning a cycle of conquest that would change world history forever.
Having unified the steppe through blood, loyalty, and merit, Temüjin now faced a new challenge: how to sustain his people without endless civil war. The answer lay beyond the grasslands. When the Jin Dynasty demanded Mongol submission, Genghis Khan chose defiance and war.
This episode explores the Mongols’ first full-scale invasion of northern China, revealing how a nomadic society of barely one million people took on a civilization of fifty million. Through speed, intelligence, psychological warfare, and ruthless pragmatism, the Mongols shattered armies, bypassed fortifications, and turned the enemy’s strength into weakness.
We examine the radical nature of Mongol warfare: total mobility, flexible command, deception, terror as strategy, and the deliberate use of refugees, propaganda, and fear to collapse resistance before battle was even joined. Cities fell, dynasties bent the knee, and unimaginable wealth flowed north to the steppe.
As victory brought luxury, new enemies, and internal tensions, the foundations of a world empire were laid but so too were the seeds of future conflict. This episode marks the moment the Mongols stopped being a steppe power and became a global force.
Join Joseph Parkinson for Episode 32 of Ancient to Recent, as Genghis Khan leads the Mongols out of obscurity and onto the world stage.

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In this history podcast episode of Ancient to Recent, we explore the early life of Genghis Khan, the rise of Temüjin, and the origins of the Mongol Empire on the Eurasian Steppe.

Born into violence, betrayal, and extreme poverty, Temüjin’s childhood was defined by abandonment, hunger, and survival. After his family was cast out by their own clan, he endured slavery, exile, and constant danger in a world where loyalty meant more than blood and strength mattered more than birth.

This episode follows Temüjin’s transformation from an outcast commoner into a rising leader with a radical vision for steppe society. Rejecting aristocratic privilege, he began promoting men by merit rather than lineage, forging loyalty through shared reward and protection. Former enemies were absorbed, old hierarchies dismantled, and the foundations laid for what would become the Mongol Empire.

As rival tribes clashed, alliances shifted, and ancient traditions were overturned, Temüjin’s rise signaled the beginning of one of the most consequential empires in world history. This opening episode sets the stage for the Mongol conquests that would reshape Asia, the Middle East, and Europe.

Join Joseph Parkinson for the first chapter in the story of Genghis Khan and the Mongol Empire, a history podcast series exploring how one man rose from nothing to change the course of the medieval world.

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